The American Eskimo is one of the spitz or Nordic breeds that can be traced back to the oldest form of domesticated dog. According to the AKC, the American Eskimo is almost certainly descended from the European spitzes. Remains of German spitz dogs have been dated back to the Late Stone Age in Northern and Central Europe and Asia.
German settlers first brought the white spitz to the United States but the North American Eskimo Dog Association was not formed until 1969. In 1985, a group of Eskie lovers formed the American Eskimo Dog Club of America and in 1995, the American Kennel Club officially recognized the American Eskimo as a Non-Sporting breed.
In the early 1900s, the breed became more widely known due to its popularity in circus acts. Their showy coats and sparkly energy made them a favorite with crowds. A Barnum and Bailey Circus Eskie named Stout’s Pal Pierre, is claimed to have been the first dog to ever walk a tight rope.
Size
The American Eskimo comes in three sizes which makes it suitable for different living situations. The Toy stands 9 to 12 inches, the Miniature stands 12 to 15 inches and the Standard stands 15 to 19 inches at the shoulder.
Grooming
These Northern breed dogs have a long, silky coat of pure white or white with a small amount of biscuit cream coloring. Their thick, soft undercoat with long outer guard hairs make them moderate shedders who require regular brushing to prevent matting. However, it has been noted that their coat seems to repel dirt.
Health Concerns
American Eskimos are typically hardy and can be expected to live 14 to 15 years or longer, however the breed tends toward hip dysplasia and progressive retinal atrophy. These dogs, descended from northern working breeds, also need a moderate amount of exercise to prevent weight gain.
Temperament
Somewhat wary of strangers, the American Eskimo bonds closely with family and makes an exceptional watchdog. Although they will not typically bite unless cornered, these alert and observant dogs are quite protective. Nothing slips past them and they do not hesitate to bark an alarm. With proper socialization, they make excellent family dogs and tend to be playful well into their older years. Their natural intelligence is an advantage whether they are a companion dog, watchdog, or agility or obedience competitor.
Those wanting to welcome an American Eskimo dog into their family should consider adopting one from a shelter or rescue group.
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